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So far, we have reviewed the first four phases of the ADDIE model for instructional design. The analysis phase clarifies instructional problems, goals, and objectives. The design phase determines the specific learning objectives, content, exercises, lesson plans, and delivery. During the development phase, the ID creates the content and media for the course. In the implementation phase, the ID sets the training for course facilitators and delivers to learners.
The final phase of the ADDIE model is the evaluation phase. There are 2 types of evaluation: formative and summative. Each type provides specific information for the ID to use in adapting the course.
Formative evaluation is how we assess the learning process as it occurs. With this type of assessment, learners and instructors can make adjustments throughout the learning journey as needed before reaching the conclusion of the course. Some examples of formative evaluation, might be:
A chapter quiz
A short reflection essay on the lesson
Submitting an assignment or exercise on the current lesson
Summative evaluation is given at the end of the course to determine whether the learner was able to meet the learning objectives for the course. Additionally, summative evaluation can help the ID determine whether certain activities or the structure of the course are effective. The ID can use the information from summative assessments to make adjustments to the course design, developed materials, and implementation of the course. Some examples of summative assessments might be:
A final project or paper
A final recital
A cumulative exam
Evaluating the course is vital for the ID to ensure the training or course is meeting the objectives set in the analysis phase. Evaluation can and should occur at every stage of the ADDIE Model. The fluidity of the phases allows the ID to continually address gaps in the course design. An ID would also use feedback provided by subject matter experts who can relay whether the course design makes sense and is addressing the needs of the instructors/learners. Because evaluation determines the success of the course in the short term and long-term, evaluation may have a different time frame from the rest of the course. Some assessments may occur during and immediately concluding the course. While others may be timed for a few months to a year(s) after the end of the course. These post assessments determine how well the information was retained.
Check out the below videos for a more in-depth look at the Evaluation phase.
In follow-up blog posts, we’ll review other instructional design models. Check out this video from Robin Sargent for a brief overview.
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